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The concept of biometric identification technology (BIT)was described,and several typical BITs were introduced such as identification technologies for hand, face, physiological features and behavioral trait. The application of BIT was analyzed in military field of foreign countries and China.It's pointed out BIT's future involved in bioassay,integration with wireless video identification technique and etc,comprehensive identification technique with high throughput,high precision and multi mechanism as well as enhanced safety.
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The laboratory of science and technology center at general hospital explored the appli-cation of PDCA cycle in the bio-safety training for research-oriented medical postgraduates, and then analyzed the effect of the training. The laboratory applied the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) into the bio-safety training practice based on its own characteristics. The 4 links of bio-safety practice including bio-safety factors analysis, training plan implementation, training effectiveness evaluation and problems feed-back were integrated with 4 processes of PDCA cycle management. In view of the problems existing in the laboratory bio-safety training, the PDCA cycle model was applied to bio-safety training. Though the PDCA cycle, the laboratory can establish a bio-logical safety quality monitoring mechanism and achieve the system-atization, standardization and normalization of biosafety training.
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Objective To discuss the fundamental principles and methods for planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.Methods The principles for planning,designing and constructing the clinical laboratory were summarized,and the key points for planning and designing,the considerations and etc were discussed.Results The principles took considerations on the characteristics of the clinical laboratory,practicability and feasibility,and contributed to establishing the clinical laboratory with advantages in bio-safety,internal partition and optimized clinical laboratory examination.Conclusion The principles can facilitate the building,reconstruction,rebuilding and expansion for other laboratories and standardize the planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.
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Objective To discuss the fundamental principles and methods for planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.Methods The principles for planning,designing and constructing the clinical laboratory were summarized,and the key points for planning and designing,the considerations and etc were discussed.Results The principles took considerations on the characteristics of the clinical laboratory,practicability and feasibility,and contributed to establishing the clinical laboratory with advantages in bio-safety,internal partition and optimized clinical laboratory examination.Conclusion The principles can facilitate the building,reconstruction,rebuilding and expansion for other laboratories and standardize the planning,design and construction of the clinical laboratory.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-safety theory intensive training before laboratory medicine intern-ship.Methods Collected 220 students of three universities in human before laboratory medicine internship,according to dif-ferent university,and the different grade of the same university,and the same class grouping pre-and post-the bio-safety in-tensive training,the obj ects of study in accordance with the training scheme to do on-site questionnaire survey by secret way in three universities,comparing the effectiveness pre-and post-training.Results Three universities had no difference before training of laboratory medicine students (χ2=0.081~3.135,P>0.05).However,in the same university,pre-training,the basic concepts and microbiological hazards assessment could be better grasped (respectively,P=0.000,0.000).Post-train-ing,the basic concepts and bio-safety operation specification could be promoted (respectively,P=0.000,0.002).In the same class between pre-and post-training,test results had no difference (χ2=0.096~2.408,P>0.05)except personal protec-tive equipmentin 2008 grade students,while in 2009 grade test performance was improved (χ2=4.821~12.27,P<0.05) except the basic concepts.Conclusion Bio-safety intensive training has good effects to operation skills,according to the spe-cific situation of students targeted training,which made students real benefit,and ensure laboratory medicine students’labo-ratory safety.
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Objective To quantitatively assess the virucidal activities of three commercial disin-fectants against human infected highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5. Methods The 50%tissue culture infective dose ( TCID50 ) of avian influenza viruses was calculated. Quantitative suspension test was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three disinfectants. In that test, 105 TCID50 of avian influenza viru-ses were exposed to different disinfectants at different concentrations for different times with or without the in-terference with fetal bovine serum ( FBS) simulating the contaminated condition. The residual infectivity was determined by endpoint titration in Madin-Darby canine kidney ( MDCK) cells. The detail steps were that the mixture of viruses and disinfectants was inoculated at 37℃ with 5% CO2 for 1 hour. Then, it was re-placed by virus dilution medium and further incubated for 18 to 20 hours. ELISA was performed for the cal-culation of TCID50 . The titers of residual viruses were calculated according to Reed and Muench method. The low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 was chosen as the control in this study. Results The re-mained infectivities of three viruses after 1 minute exposure to 1% Virkon solution were below the limit of de-tection (1. 0 lgTCID50/100 μl). Exposing to 0. 5% Virkon solution decreased the viral titers of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses below the detection limit and reduced the titer of H5N6 virus to 1. 75 lgTCID50/100 μl. The virucidal efficacy of 0. 25% Virkon solution against some of the detected viruses was achieved by increasing the exposure time to 5 minutes. The 84 Disinfectant solutions at concentrations of 10%, 5% and 2. 5% low-ered the viral titers of three viruses below the detection limit of 1. 0 lgTCID50/100 μl, but the 1. 25% 84 Disinfectant solution only lowered the viral titers to 1. 25-2. 5 lgTCID50/100 μl. The similar results were ob-served in groups treated with SOLARSEPT solutions. 1% 84 Disinfectant solution didn′t show any virucidal activity against the three viruses after 1 minute of exposure even when the exposure time was extended to 5 minutes. Under the contaminated condition, 1% Virkon solution, 10% and 5% 84 Disinfectant solutions as well as 100% and 50% SOLARSEPT solutions lowered the viral titers below 1. 0 lgTCID50/100μl. Conclu-sion The three commercial disinfectants (1% Virkon solution, 10% 84 Disinfectant solution and SOLAR-SEPT solution) were efficient virucides for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype H5 even under the contaminated condition. Increasing the exposure time had no significant effects on the efficacy of three disinfectants after the virucidal activities were neutralized by enough viruses. No significant differences in vi-rucidal activities of three disinfectants against HPAI H5 viruses and LPAI H9 virus were observed.
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O crescimento do mercado da beleza tem despertado a preocupação dos profissionais e clientes dos salões de beleza com a questão da biossegurança na prestação de serviços nestes locais. Os salões de beleza caracterizam-se como um ambiente de risco de contaminação por microrganismos por tratar-se de um local onde há uma grande rotatividade de pessoas e também por acontecer, rotineiramente, o uso compartilhado de artigos perfurocortantes. A pesquisa foi realizada com 100 profissionais da cidade, distribuídos em 15 bairros, divididos em quatro macro regiões de Juazeiro do Norte-CE e objetivou-se descrever a adesão dos profissionais às normas de biossegurança aplicadas aos procedimentos de manicure e pedicure nos salões de beleza. Conclui-se que há baixa adesão dos profissionais e desinformação em relação às normas de biossegurança.
The development of the beauty market has aroused the concern of professional and customer of beauty salons with the question of bio-safety in providing services in these places. The beauty salons can be considered places of risk of contamination by microorganisms because they are spaces where there is high turnover of people and by the shared use of sharp items. This research was made with 100 city workers, distributed in 15 districts, divided into four macro regions of Juazeiro do Norte-CE and aimed to describe the adherence of professionals to the bio-security standards applied to manicure and pedicure procedures in beauty salons. It is possible to conclude that there is low adhesion of beauty professionals and misinformation in relation to the bio-safety standards.
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Humans , Male , Female , Beauty and Aesthetics Centers , Environmental PollutionABSTRACT
M. tuberculosis has been classified as risk group 3 pathogen and has to be handled at appropriate containment level. The IRL, Ahmedabad got WHO accreditation in March 08 for Lowenstein-Jensen solid culture and first line anti-tuberculosis drug sensitivity. Immediately after WHO endorsement of line probe assay (LPA) for rapid MDR-TB testing in 2008, Gujarat state leaped forwarded and started research on “Genotype MTB DR Plus assay” in collaboration with WHO. In 2009 this effort gained momentum when the IRL, Ahmedabad was radically upgraded to BSL 3 facility. BSL 3 facility like this can balance risk of air-borne infection. As a minimum, countries embarking on drug-resistant tuberculosis programmes should establish laboratory capacity to diagnose MDR-TB and monitor culture conversion of patients on Category IV treatment. Gujarat has set the example of a truly dynamic tuberculosis management, demonstrating that rapid scale-up of laboratory services for MDR-TB diagnosis is feasible even at regional level, in resource-constrained settings.
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Objective To study the cytotoxicity against brain microvessel endothelial cells and blood compatibility in rats of OX26 conjugated endomorphin (EM) loaded hyperbranched polyglycerols-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(HBPG-PLGA) nanoparticles.Methods Prepared nanoparticles were divided into group B (HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles),group EP (EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles) and group OEP (OX26-EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles).The cytotoxicity against brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) of nanoparticles of different groups were measured by MTT test,haemolysis test,normal haemotological parameter and several primary items of coagulation system were tested after nanoparticles of different groups and different dosages injection on rats.Results ①All the three groups of nanoparticles induced decreased cell viability in a dose dependent manner in MTT test,whereas all groups of nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity against the BMECs during 30 to 600 μg/ml.②There was no significant difference in haemolysis ratio (P＞0.05) and normal haemotological parameter (P＞0.05).③There was no significant difference between the low dosage of all the three groups of nanoparticles and the control group on the function of coagulation system in rats (P＞0.05).④Compared with C group,high dose groups demonstrated longer prothrombin time (PT),activeated partial thromboplasting time (APTT) and lower fibrinogen (Fbg) (P＜0.05).At the same time,compared with the low dose subgroups,PT and APTT were prolonged,Fbg significantly decreased in the high dose subgroups (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion OX26 coupled with EM-HBPG-PLGA nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity against BMECs and had no significant effect on the coagulation system in rats with low concentration and low dosage.
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O estudo objetivou conhecer as representações sociais da biossegurança elaboradas por enfermeiros e analisar como essas representações influem na prática e na qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em áreas críticas. Pesquisa exploratória realizada com 18 enfermeiros de um hospital público de Teresina, Piauí, no período de junho a setembro de 2009. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevista, processados no software Alceste 4.8 e feita análise lexical por meio da classificação hierárquica descendente. Os resultados foram apresentados em cinco classes semânticas: Medidas de biossegurança utilizadas pelos enfermeiros; Conhecimento de biossegurança; Relação da biossegurança com a prática profissional; Relação da biossegurança com o controle das infecções; Biossegurança e a qualidade da assistência. Essas representações sociais revelaram sentimentos de impotência quanto ao uso efetivo das medidas de biossegurança e a necessidade da implantação de programas de educação permanente que contemplem ações práticas de biossegurança para proporcionar uma assistência de qualidade.
The study aimed to discover the social representations of bio-safety developed by nurses and to examine how representations affect the practice and the quality of nursing care in critical areas. This exploratory survey was conducted with 18 nurses from a public hospital of Teresina, Piauí, from June to September 2009. Data were collected through interviews, processed in Alceste 4.8 software and subjected to lexical analysis by descending hierarchical classification. The results were presented in five semantic classes: bio-safety measures used by nurses; knowledge of bio-safety; value of bio-safety in professional practice; relationship of bio-safety with control of infections; and bio-safety and quality of care. These social representations revealed feelings of powerlessness regarding the effective use of bio-safety measures and the need to implement continuing education programs that address practical bio-safety actions to provide quality care.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las representaciones sociales de la bioseguridad elaboradas por enfermeros y analizar como esas representaciones influyen en la práctica y en la calidad de la asistencia de enfermería en áreas críticas. Encuesta exploratoria hecha con 18 enfermeros de un hospital público de Teresina, Piauí-Brasil, en el período de junio a septiembre de 2009. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevistas, procesados en el software Alceste 4.8 y análisis léxical realizado por la clasificación jerárquica descendente. Los resultados se presentaron en cinco clases semánticas: Medidas de bioseguridad utilizadas por los enfermeros; Conocimiento de bioseguridad; Relación de la bioseguridad con la práctica profesional; Relación de la bioseguridad con el control de infecciones; Bioseguridad y la calidad de la atención. Esas representaciones sociales revelaron sentimientos de impotencia sobre el uso de medidas de bioseguridad y la necesidad de implementar programas de educación continuada que incluyan acciones prácticas de bioseguridad para brindar una atención de calidad.
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Humans , Occupational Health Nursing/methods , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Brazil , Clinical Nursing Research , Psychology, SocialABSTRACT
Nano-materials have been increasingly widely used in various fields with the progression in science and technology. While bringing benefit to our life, their toxic effects also come to our attention. In this paper we review the cytotoxic effects and some problems of several kinds of nano-materials (carbon-based nano-materials, metal and metallic oxides and other nano-materials), considering the physicochemical characteristics of nano-materials, research methods of the nanomaterial cytotoxic effects, and the cytotoxcity of nano-materials. Finally, we also discuss the research focus of the area and issues need to be addressed, hoping to provide a guide for bio-safety research of nano-materials.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil das publicações sobre biossegurança após a divulgação da primeira lei de biossegurança brasileira (1995) até 2008. A pesquisa de revisão foi operacionalizada por meio da busca eletrônica de artigos indexados na base de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). A busca foi realizada pelos descritores: ?biossegurança?, ?exposição a agentes biológicos? e ?Exposição a Contaminantes Biológicos? em [todos os índices], usando o conectivo ?or?. Neste estudo foram analisados 44 artigos publicados no período considerado. As publicações sobre biossegurança disponíveis no SciELO se caracterizam por: concentrar-se na região sudeste do Brasil; predomínio de publicações em português; seguir a tendência de crescimento do número de publicações como em áreas afins; predomínio de delineamentos qualitativos; predomínio de autores do sexo feminino; estar ligadas a instituições federais ou estaduais. E ainda, os principais objetos de estudo são: a saúde do trabalhador, a questão da educação para a segurança biológica e a questão dos transgênicos.
The aim of this study was to describe the profile of publications on bio-safety from the disclosure of the first Brazilian bio-safety law (1995) to 2008. The review research was done by means of electronic search of articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database. The search was conducted by descriptors ?bio-safety?, ?exposure to biological agents? and ?Exposure to Biological Contaminants? in [all indexes], using the connective ?or?. This study analyzed 44 articles published over the period. The publications available about bio-safety in SciELO are characterized by: focus on the Brazilian southeastern region; predominance of publications in portuguese; following the trend of increasing numbers of publications as in related areas; the predominance of qualitative designs; predominance of female authors; be linked to federal or state institutions. The main goals of this study are: the worker?s health issue; the education in bio-safety issue; and the transgenics issue.
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We studied on the bio-safety problem of cultivating innovative talents in medical microbiology. The bio-safety of laboratory was controlled by educating bio-safety before the experiments, regulating basic operations during the experiments and constructing management system out of the experiments. Then we got some experience to ensure students’ bio-safety during the research.
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Advanced generations of different transgenic lines of indica basmati rice (Basmati-370) expressing two unrelated Bt genes, cry1Ac and cry2A were evaluated for resistance to Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) and Rice Leaf Folder (RLF) under field conditions compared to control lines over three years (2003-2005). Homozygous lines were selected and analyzed for insect resistance, morphological, physiochemical properties and risk assessment studies. After artificial infestation of target insects, the transgenic plants showed significant resistance. Data were recorded in terms of dead hearts and white heads at vegetative and flowering stage respectively. Transgenic lines showed up to 100 and 96 percent resistance against yellow stem borer at vegetative and flowering stages, respectively. Natural damage of rice leaf folder was also observed during the year 2005. The transgenic plants were 98 percent more resistant as compared to untransformed control plants. Variations in some morphological characteristics, e.g., the average number of tillers, plant height and maturity were also observed. Transgenic lines produced 40 percent more grains than control plants. All these characteristics were stably inherited in advanced generations. The transgenic lines had no significant effect on non-target insects (insects belonging to orders other than Lepidoptera and Diptera) in field or under storage conditions. Chances of pollen-mediated gene flow were recorded at a rate of 0.14 percent.
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Bacillus thuringiensis , Bacterial Proteins , Oryza/genetics , Pest Control, Biological , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Insecticide Resistance/genetics , Adaptation, Physiological/genetics , Bacterial Toxins , Insect Control , Larva , Moths/pathogenicity , Oryza/parasitology , Risk Assessment , SafetyABSTRACT
Bio-safety problem was emerging as more and more important with the development of biotechnology,and many governments concerned about it.We analyzed the different category of biotechnology related with bio-safety problem,and found out its main influencing factors and safety results.In the course of research and development of biotechnology,misuse,abuse and non-moral use are three main human factors.We concluded that the situation of bio-threat would be more diverse,and also the misuse chance would increase.It will be benefited that public health manager make regulations and legislature with full dimension of bio-safety assessment of different biotechnologies.
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The article mainly presents the key problems in class III bio-safety lab,including air-flow distribution,pressure gradient of the room,and the stability of pressure.Scientific methods for solving all the problems are also considered,which offer the theory evidence for the design of negative pressure control system in class III bio-safety lab.Volatile blow control and heat exchanger are recommended to be used in the negative pressure control system in class III bio-safety lab for energy conservation.